دراسة امتزاز صبغة الكونغو الحمراء من محاليلها المائية على أسطح محضرة من قشور الفول السوداني

مروة   فرج بالعيد الجروشي; عبد الفتاح محمد الخراز; خالد مفتاح الشريف

doi:10.36602/jsba.2025.20.40

Authors

مروة فرج بالعيد الجروشي قسم الكيمياء، كلية العلوم، الجامعة الاسمرية
عبد الفتاح محمد الخراز قسم الكيمياء، كلية العلوم، جامعة مصراتة
خالد مفتاح الشريف الهيئة الليبية للبحث العلمي

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36602/jsba.2025.20.40

Keywords:

Adsorption, Congo red dye, Peanut Shells, isotherm, kinetics, thermodynamics

Abstract

This study investigated the adsorption of Congo red dye from aqueous solutions using peanut shells in both raw and biochar forms as adsorbents. Dye concentration was quantified before and after adsorption using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Key operational parameters influencing adsorption efficiency were systematically evaluated, including contact time, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, temperature, and solution pH. The adsorption kinetics revealed rapid equilibrium attainment within ≤10 min for biochar adsorbent. Interestingly, adsorption capacity (Qₑ) exhibited an inverse relationship with adsorbent dosage (0.1–2 g), while dye removal efficiency increased proportionally with dosage. A positive correlation was observed between initial dye concentration and Qₑ values. The equilibrium data best fitted the Freundlich isotherm model (R² > 0.95), with the isotherm profile exhibiting a Type S classification according to Giles' system. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed the spontaneity of the process (negative ΔG° values) and revealed distinct thermal behaviors: exothermic adsorption on raw shells (negative ΔH°) versus endothermic adsorption on biochar (positive ΔH°). pH studies demonstrated optimal Congo red removal at neutral-to-weakly acidic conditions (pH ≈ 7) for raw shells, with enhanced efficiency up to pH 9.5. Conversely, biochar showed reduced adsorption capacity across the alkaline range (pH 5–11). Kinetic modeling established that the adsorption mechanism follows pseudo-second-order behavior, suggesting chemisorption characteristics. These findings demonstrate that peanut shell-derived adsorbents offer cost-effective solutions for azo dye removal, with performance tunable through material pretreatment and process optimization.

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